Two different protections that are constantly confused: one protects what identifies your source, the other protects what you created.
These protect different things, arise differently and last for different periods, and using the wrong one is one of the most common mistakes small businesses make.
A trademark protects what identifies the source of goods or services - a name, logo, slogan or other indicator that tells buyers who something came from. The right grows out of actual use in commerce, and it exists to prevent confusion about origin. Registration is not what creates it, though registration adds substantial advantages. It can last indefinitely, for as long as it is used and defended.
A copyright protects an original creative work fixed in a tangible form - text, photographs, music, code, video. It attaches automatically the moment the work is fixed, with no filing required, though registration is a practical prerequisite to enforcing it in court and affects what can be recovered. It lasts for a long but finite term and then the work enters the public domain.
The line is drawn by function, not by medium. A logo can be both: protected as a trademark for identifying the business, and as a copyright for its artistic expression. A business name, on the other hand, is generally not copyrightable at all - names and short phrases are not the kind of thing copyright covers - which surprises people who assume registering a company protected the name.
Before committing to a name is when advice is cheapest, because a clearance search that finds a conflict costs far less than a rebrand after a demand letter. Beyond that, the recurring problem is ownership of commissioned work: absent the right written agreement, the freelancer who made the logo or wrote the code may own the copyright even though the business paid for it.
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